Retinal vs Retinol: The differences explained, as featured in The Evening Standard

Curious about the differences between Retinal and Retinol in skincare? In this guide, Dr Kaywaan Khan shares the advantages and considerations for each ingredient, and what products to incorporate into your routine. 

What is retinal? 

Retinal, also known as retinaldehyde, is a form of vitamin A found in skincare products. It belongs to a class of compounds called retinoids, which are heralded for their anti-ageing effects such as reducing fine lines, wrinkles, and skin texture. As well as this, retinal can help enhance cell turnover and stimulate collagen production to help the skin maintain its elasticity and firmness for a youthful look.  The magic of retinal lies in its ability to convert into retinoic acid within the skin, when applied topically. Retinoic acid is an active form of vitamin A that directly interacts with your skin cells to promote skin renewal and rejuvenation.  

What is the difference between retinal vs retinol?  

Both retinal and retinol are retinoids, but the key difference lies in how quickly they convert to retinoic acid. Retinol is a less potent form of vitamin A which goes through several conversion steps in the skin to transform into retinoic acid (the active compound that influences skin cells). Compared to retinol, retinal is just one conversion step away from becoming retinoic acid. As retinal is structurally closer to retinoic acid, this means it gets converted quicker and starts working its magic on your skin much faster. Due to this difference, retinal is generally considered more potent than retinol and can deliver visible improvements in skin texture, reduce wrinkles, and soften fine lines easier.  

Despite this, retinal is considered less irritating than retinol for the skin. This is because the conversion process of retinol can generate byproducts that can irritate the skin. Since retinal converts faster and requires fewer steps, it’s likely to be better tolerated by those with sensitive skin. Retinal is also the only retinoid with direct antibacterial properties, which makes it a good option for acne-prone skin. Over time, it can help to diminish the bacteria responsible for breakouts and leave the skin looking clear. 

Is retinal stronger than retinol?  

In terms of strength, retinal is typically considered stronger than retinol due to its quicker conversion into retinoic acid. Although retinal is less irritating than retinol, its potency is stronger so there is a risk of irritation, as with any retinoid. Symptoms of irritation can include redness, dryness, flakiness, and stinging sensations, especially when first introducing retinal into a skincare regimen or when using higher concentrations. If you are a first-time vitamin A user, I would recommend booking in for a complimentary skincare analysis at Hannah London to learn how to use it properly. Depending on which retinoid your dermatologist recommends for your individual skin tone and type, it’s advisable to start with a lower concentration of the ingredient and gradually increase usage over time as the skin becomes accustomed to it. 

It’s essential to pair retinal or retinol use with a gentle and hydrating skincare routine to help support the skin’s barrier function and mitigate potential dryness. This will involve using a fragrance-free cleanser, a moisturiser rich in humectants, and a broad-spectrum SPF30+ during the day to protect the skin from sun sensitivity associated with retinoid use. With any retinoid, it is best to use before bed, so you are less likely to be exposed to sunlight after using it.  

Want to find out more on this topic? Read our National press feature in The Evening Standard here: https://www.standard.co.uk/shopping/esbest/beauty/skincare/best-retinal-cream-skincare-b1151136.html